What is Fascism and Nazism?

Derivation of the word Fascism 

Fascism derive from a latin word 'fascio' that refers to "Bundle of sticks".

In ancient Roman, the civil magistrate carry the bundle of sticks along with his soldiers and move in the streets and markets to make sure the law and order conditions and if someone seems to be the broker of law, they used to beat that person with sticks and they also had the authority to give capital punishment.

Emergence of Fascism

• The Fascism emerged during 20th century and it was the populous movement lead in Europe  by radical authoritarian and nationalists. These radical authoritarian had an immense power that they had controlled Industries, commerce and market as a whole. 
• The Fascist were inspired by Frédéric Nietzche (The German Philosopher) Who have had said 

"Because of Christianity, a Labour mentality has emerged in Europe" 

He thought, the Christianity is the religion of Labours and it was true because the traitors against Rome emerged by labourers and Christianity got popular among Europeans. 

He said, as now because of technology and development the role of religion has been diminished from Europe and now, we have to opt the new mentality, according to which we could sustain our lives. One of the quote of Frédéric Nietzche got very famous that has further proceeded to anti-consertivism that is:

"God is dead"

• Here, that quote refers to the removal of God from our lives. That we have removed 'religion' from our lives. That was the philosophical concept or addition of that time Europe, when the involvement of religion had been totally removed from. political affairs. He then suggested the 'superman mentality'  that was referred to 'will power'. According to which:
• The thing that make personality powerful is good, and if something makes you and your personality weak is bad. 
• Now the early groups those had been reading to Frédéric were very anti-Conservative and they think themselves radical and they opposed their culture and tradition being so much involved in his philosophy.

Crisis in Europe:-

• In Europe, due to World War 1,an immense crisis emerged especially in Central europe including Germany and Italy, and the government's of these countries couldn't deal with that crisis, neither in economic term nor societal.
• The challanges that emerged in Europe was the movements lead by labourers and socialists. And they were emerge very swiftly like, Russian revolution in 1913 and also so Soviet Union were converting and forming socialism in even those areas, that were not under the Russian territory and the socialism was quickly spreading towards central Europe (Germany and Italy)

Fascism-Benito Mussolini

• The situation in Italy was very unique at that time. The leader of labours at that time in Italy named Doniogramtchie, had made analysis, that how Fascism emerged in Italy.
• The Fasicm was firstly emerged in Italy abd the main thinker of it was Benito Mussolin. He ran a Black shirt movement in Italy. In that movement, he made his supporters to wear black shirts 
• The interesting thing is, Mussolini was a member of socialist party of Italy, but he left that party on the reason that, they didn't support the ruling party in World war 1 but instead they opposed it,and then he started saying:

"We will make Italy great" 

And then, their black movement officially started and they wore black shirts and started saying, communism and socialism are our ultimate enemies and we will eradicate it.

Right Hands VS Left Hands

At that time, the unions were very strong in south Italy, and they had took over the whole areas. The black shirts started breaking them by force and started taking over those areas. Right after this breakage, the feudal lords started calling them as a good people, as they were breaking the left-hand people, abd these ellites feudal lords and industrialist started funding them with heavy sum of money.

So, basically this movement was the battle or crack down between left hands and right hands. 

Fascism to Nazism in Germany:-

• The Mussolini when came into power in Italy, that mindset got influenced in Germany too and started spreading there. 
• The Germany had been passing through same issue of Crisis after World war 1and at that time the Liberal Party was ruling in Germany named Yuma Republic. Against that party,  Adolf Hitler made his own party named National Socialist Germans worker party (NATZI) 

Now the question is, why they call themselves nationalists and socialists? 

• The reason is, they had lead the same movement like in Italy with the slight difference of brown and black. They were leading the brown shirts movement in Germany and by wearing them, they entered into labourers unions and broke them and they were similarly backed by feudal lords as Mussolini and his supporters were. 
• The Adolf Hitler didn't won election but he secured seat in Parliament with 1/3 of votes and later due to emerging crises, the ruling party Yma Republic's chancellor resigned and that shifted the power to Hitler. 
• At that time, an attack took place in Parliament and everything burned off. The Hitler took advantage of it and started blaming to German Congress party. He suspended parliament and banned Congress party and crushed opposition. 
• Hitler then, removed public Private distinction and said now, we will completely mobilise for war. He took over the industry and made planned economy in favour of industrialist and he said:

"Now it's time to spread in whole Europe and we will maje our rule there". 

Initially, Hitler has got a very swift success, even the Royalty in Austo-Hungry said:

"We are also fascist and we are with you"

• The feudal lords and industrialist immediately started supporting Hitler and this is how Fascist movement spread in Europe. 
• Initially, Liberals were using the appeasing approach towards Fasicm and they really didn't wanted ti fight against them, because of that, fascist became more powerful and strong. 

Start of World War 2:-

Finally, Hitler started sending troops in different areas. He started capturing different states from,cekoslovakia then he went for Poland, France, Italy, Britan and finally Russia where he badly got beaten due to the strong allies of Russia and hus tough geography. 

End of Fascism:-

The Italy and Germany had finally made agreement against Fascism by labelling it as a very chronic and bad stuff and finally they ended Fasicm collectively. And they said, they will never lead any fascist being rule in country. Now, the Fascist word use to abuse the government having radical policies.